pdf version is in emacs directory "/usr/local/share/emacs/23.0.0/etc/refcard.ps"
Starting Emacs
To enter GNU Emacs 22 or 23, just type its name: emacs
Leaving Emacs
| suspend Emacs (or iconify it under X) | C-z |
| exit Emacs permanently | C-x C-c |
Files
| read a file into Emacs | C-x C-f |
| save a file back to disk | C-x C-s |
| save all files | C-x s |
| insert another file into this buffer | C-x i |
| replace this file with another file | C-x C-v |
| write buffer to a specified file | C-x C-w |
| toggle read-only status of buffer | C-x C-q |
Getting Help
The help system is simple. Type C-h (or F1) and follow the directions. If you are a first-time user, type C-h t for a tutorial.
| remove help window | C-x 1 |
| scroll help window | C-M-v |
| apropos: show commands matching a string | C-h a |
| describe the function a key runs | C-h k |
| describe a function | C-h f |
| get mode-specific information | C-h m |
Error Recovery
| abort partially typed or executing command | C-g |
| recover files lost by a system crash | M-x recover-session |
| undo an unwanted change | C-x u, C-_ or C-/ |
| restore a buffer to its original contents | M-x revert-buffer |
| redraw garbled screen | C-l |
Incremental Search
| search forward | C-s |
| search backward | C-r |
| regular expression search | C-M-s |
| reverse regular expression search | C-M-r |
in i-search mode:
| select previous search string | M-p |
| select next later search string | M-n |
| exit incremental search | RET |
| undo effect of last character | DEL |
| abort current search | C-g |
Use C-s or C-r again to repeat the search in either direction. If Emacs is still searching, C-g cancels only the part not done.
Motion
| entity to move over | backward | forward |
| character | C-b | C-f |
| word | M-b | M-f |
| line | C-p | C-n |
| goto line beginning (or end) | C-a | C-e |
| sentence | M-a | M-e |
| paragraph | M-{ | M-} |
| page | C-x [ | C-x ] |
| sexp (balanced expression) | C-M-b | C-M-f |
| function | C-M-a | C-M-e |
| goto buffer beginning (or end) | M-< | M-> |
| scroll to next screen | C-v |
| scroll to previous screen | M-v |
| scroll left | C-x < |
| scroll right | C-x > |
| scroll current line to center of screen | C-u C-l |
Kill and Deleting
| entity to kill | backward | forward |
| character (delete, not kill) | DEL | C-d |
| word | M-DEL | M-d |
| line (to end of) | M-0 C-k | C-k |
| sentence | C-x DEL | M-k |
| sexp (balanced expression) | M— C-M-k | C-M-k |
| kill region | C-w |
| copy region to kill ring | M-w |
| kill through next occurrence of char | M-z char |
| yank back last thing kill | C-y |
| replace last yank with previous kill | M-y |
Marking
| set mark here | C-@ or C-SPC |
| exchange point and mark | C-x C-x |
| set mark arg words away | M-@ |
| mark paragraph | M-h |
| mark page | C-x C-p |
| mark sexp | C-M-@ |
| mark function | C-x h |
Query Replace
| interactively replace a text string | M-% |
| using regular expressions | M-x query-replace-regexp |
Valid responses in query-replace mode are:
| replace this one, go on to next | SPC |
| replace this one, don't move | , |
| skip to next without replacing | DEL |
| replace all remaining matches | ! |
| back up to previous match | ^ |
| exit query-replace | RET |
| enter recursive edit (C-M-c to exit) | C-r |
Multiple Windows
When two commands are shown, the second one is a similar command for a frame instead of a window.
| delete all other windows | C-x 1 | C-x 5 1 |
| split window, above and below | C-x 2 | C-x 5 2 |
| delete this window | C-x 0 | C-x 5 0 |
| split window, side by side | C-x 3 |
| scroll other window | C-M-v |
| switch cursor to other window | C-x o | C-x 5 o |
| select buffer in other window | C-x 4 b | C-x 5 b |
| display buffer in other window | C-x 4 C-o | C-x 5 C-o |
| find file in other window | C-x 4 f | C-x 5 f |
| find file read-only in other window | C-x 4 r | C-x 5 r |
| run Dired in other window | C-x 4 d | C-x 5 d |
| find tag in other window | C-x 4 . | C-x 5 . |
| grow window taller | C-x ^ |
| shrink window narrower | C-x { |
| grow window wider | C-x } |
Formatting
| indent current line (mode-dependent) | TAB |
| indent region (mode-dependent) | C-M-\ |
| indent sexp (mode-dependent) | C-M-q |
| indent region rigidly arg columns | C-x TAB |
| insert newline after point | C-o |
| move rest of line vertically down | C-M-o |
| delete blank lines around point | C-x C-o |
| join line with previous (with arg, next) | M-^ |
| delete all white space around point | M-\ |
| put exactly one space at point | M-SPC |
| fill paragraph | M-q |
| set fill column | C-x f |
| set prefix each line starts with | C-x . |
Case Change
| uppercase word | M-u |
| lowercase word | M-l |
| capitalize word | M-c |
| uppercase region | C-x C-u |
| lowercase region | C-x C-l |
The Minibuffer
The following keys are defined in the minibuffer.
| complete as much as possible | TAB |
| complete up to one word | SPC |
| complete and execute | RET |
| show possible completions | ? |
| fetch previous minibuffer input | M-p |
| fetch next minibuffer input or default | M-n |
| regexp search backward through history | M-r |
| regexp search forward through history | M-s |
| abort command | C-g |
Type C-x ESC ESC or C-x M-: to edit and repeat the last command that used in the minibuffer. Type F10 to active the menu bar using the minibuffer.
Buffers
| select another buffer | C-x b |
| list all buffers | C-x C-b |
| kill a buffer | C-x k |
Transposing
| transpose characters | C-t |
| transpose words | M-t |
| transpose lines | C-x C-t |
| transpose sexps | C-M-t |
Spelling Check
| check spelling of current word | M-$ |
| check spelling of all words in region | M-x ispell-region |
| check spelling of entire buffer | M-x ispell-buffer |
Tags
| find a tag (a definition) | M-. |
| find next occurrence of tag | C-u M-. |
| specify a new tags file | M-x visit-tags-table |
| regexp search on all files in tags table | M-x tags-search |
| run query-replace on all the files | M-x tags-query-replace |
| continue last tags search or query-replace | M-, |
Shells
| execute a shell command | M-! |
| run a shell command on the region | M-| |
| filter region through a shell command | C-u M-| |
| start a shell command in window \*shell\* | M-x shell |
Rectangles
| copy rectangle to register | C-x r r |
| kill rectangle | C-x r k |
| yank rectangle | C-x r y |
| open rectangle, shifting text right | C-x r o |
| blank out rectangle | C-x r c |
| prefix each line with a string | C-x r t |
Abbrevs
| add global abbrev | C-x a g |
| add mode-local abbrev | C-x a l |
| add global expansion for this abbrev | C-x a i g |
| add mode-local expansion for this abbrev | C-x a i l |
| explicitly expand abbrev | C-x a e |
| expand previous word dynamically | M-/ |
Regular Expressions
| any single character except a newline | . (dot) |
| zero or more repeats | * |
| one or more repeats | + |
| zero or one repeat | ? |
| quote regular expression special character | \c |
| alternative ("or") | \| |
| grouping | \( ... \) |
| same text as nth group | \n |
| at word break | \b |
| not at word break | \B |
| entity | match start | match end |
| line | ^ | $ |
| word | \< | \> |
| buffer | \` | \' |
| class of characters | match these | match others |
| explicit set | [ ... ] | [^ ... ] |
| word-syntax character | \w | \W |
| character with syntax c | \sc | \Sc |
International Character Sets
| specify principal language | C-x RET l |
| show all input methods | M-x list-input-methods |
| enable or disable input method | C-\ |
| set coding system for next command | C-x RET c |
| show all coding systems | M-x list-coding-systems |
| choose preferred coding system | M-x prefer-coding-system |
Info
| enter the Info documentation reader | C-h i |
| find specified function or variable in Info | C-h S |
Moving within a node:
| scroll forward | SPC |
| scroll reverse | DEL |
| beginning of node | . (dot) |
Moving between nodes:
| next node | n |
| previous node | p |
| move up | u |
| select menu item by name | m |
| select nth menu item by number (1-9) | n |
| follow cross reference (return with l) | f |
| return to last node you saw | l |
| return to directory node | d |
| go to top node of Info file | t |
| go to any node by name | g |
Other:
| run Info tutorial | h |
| quit Info | q |
| search nodes for regexp | M-s |
Registers
| save region into register | C-x r s |
| insert register contents into buffer | C-x r i |
| save value of point in register | C-x r SPC |
| jump to point saved in register | C-x r j |
Keyboard Macros
| start defining a keyboard macro | C-x ( |
| end keyboard macro definition | C-x ) |
| execute last-defined keyboard macro | C-x e |
| append to last keyboard macro | C-u C-x ( |
| name last keyboard macro | M-x name-last-kbd-macro |
| insert Lisp definition in buffer | M-x insert-kbd-macro |
Commands dealing with Emacs Lisp
| eval sexp before point | C-x C-e |
| eval current defun | C-M-x |
| eval region | M-x eval-region |
| read and eval minibuffer | M-: |
| load from standard system directory | M-x load-library |
Simple Customization
| customize variables and faces | M-x customize |
Aucun commentaire:
Enregistrer un commentaire